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What is 3R pyrolyis?

Pyrolysis is Reductive Thermal Processing.

The 3R pyrolysis is a zero emission thermochemical decomposition of plant and/or animal origin organic waste and by-products in the absence of oxygen, under vacuum and between material core temperature ranges from 450 °C (842 °F) up to 850 °C (1562 °F). The word pyrolysis is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyr "fire" and lysis "separating". The 3R slow pyrolysis technology is a horizontally arranged, - electric or gas fined – indirectly heated rotary kiln and auxiliary chemical processing original solution.  Pyrolysis of organic substances produces solid residue rich in carbon content “biochar” and separated volatile pyrolysis gas which may be condensed into liquid crude oil and non condensible gases. After catalytic conversion of pyrolysis liquid and/or gas products, synthetic fuel and transport quality bio-oil produced. The 3R pyrolysis is safer, better, faster, more economical and environmental friendly than any other solutions.

What is Zero Emission Carbon Refinery?

The 3R Zero Emission Carbon Refinery processing is a mimic of the Nature, that emits no any waste products that pollutes the environment or disrupts the climate, in which process all and any materials and energy are recycled and reused into useful products.

The Nature can not afford to waste materials and/or energy, while it always finds the most efficient material and energy recycling and reuse conversion pattern during the ever ongoing bio-geo-chemical cycles. In order to mimic the Nature, the 3R bio-geo-chemical process - where it is possible, necessary and/or advantageous - coherently integrates three carbon and nitrogen related cycles, such as:

• Carbon Recycling, thermal processing by carbonization for genesis of carbon.
• Carbon Formulation, biotech formulation of carbon for bio-availability process support.
• Carbon Cycling, chemical processing of carbon for bio-energy production.

The feed materials of the 3R are always low grade wastes or by-products generated by human activities. Characteristics of the output product are reflected in the characteristics of the input material. The high feed flexibility provides high added value and wide range of different types of output products together with wide range of market demanded application possibilities targeted in the rapidly developing natural soil fertilization agro market, green energy and environmental adsorbent business.

What is 3R biochar?

The 3R biochar is plant and/or animal biomass origin carboniferous material for carbon negative soil enhancement eco-safe applications, such as natural slow release fertilization, food crop plant growth promotion, improving soil retention of nutrients and water, while decreasing or substituting the use of chemosynthetic substances in agriculture. Biochar can be an important tool to increase food security and cropland diversity in areas with severely depleted soils, scarce organic resources, and inadequate water and eco-friendly fertilizer supplies. The 3R biochar application doses variating from 600 kg/ha to 1000 kg/ha and safely used in open ecological soil environment. All biochar applications in industrial scale require accredited Authority permit. The 3R biochar zero emission production technology and wide range ecosystem application conditions meets the European Union and international “end of waste” criteria policy, including that the biochar is commonly used for specific agricultural and environmental purposes; fulfils the technical requirements for the specific purposes and meets the existing legislation and standards applicable to biochar; the use of the biochar will not lead to overall adverse environmental or human health impacts and market demand exists.

What is 3R bone char?

Bone char, also known as bone black, ivory black, animal charcoal, or abaiser, is a granular material produced by charring degelatinized animal bones supplied by the animal waste rendering industry as bone meal. The 3R bone char is made from food grade quality category 3 poultry or pig bone meal, which is pyrolysis thermal treated up to 850 °C (1562 °F) temperature. Bone char contains  92% mineral and 8% char content. The porous structure of bone char offers the microbes a protected niche when introduced into soil. The specific 3R animal bone char carrier contains high amount of P2O5 (13%) and Ca (27%) available for plants, which allows efficient, environmentally safe and natural renewable phosphorus supply. Beside the highly available phosphorus content the animal bone char also contains important trace elements, and other nutrients such as K. The heavy metal content of the bone char product approaches the range of non detectable levels. Bone char is used as slow release natural fertilizer, high grade adsorbent, and has also been used in large scale during the history as sugar refinery.

What is 3R Nitrogen Oxide Emission Mitigation and Recycled Nitrogen Fertilizer?

Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas, important in climate change, and as well, is a stratospheric ozone depleting substance. The human population has grown at an unprecedented rate past decades and this has resulted in many localized significant environmental impacts. Food production is considered as a major source of global nitrous oxide emissions. The nitrogen in wastewater and solid wastes may be a significant fate of much anthropogenic nitrogen. Up until now less attention has been given to human impacts on the global nitrogen cycle, impacts which are quantitatively greater than the impacts on the carbon cycle. It is likely that much of the Earth’s population now relies on anthropogenic nitrogen in its food supplies, resulting anthropogenic nitrogen contained wastes. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen cycles are strongly coupled. Human nitrogen additions are the principle cause for the increase in terrestrial nitrous oxide emission since 1960, and contribute to about one fifth of the current global net carbon uptake. The climatic effects of the anthropogenic nitrogen perturbation from the the greenhouse gases CO₂ and N₂O gases are very substantial. The anthropogenic Nitrogen is  the input of man on nature, that is induced or altered by the presence and activity of man (such as fossil fuel combustion and agricultural fertilizer use activities) which makes anthropogenic interference of the global nitrogen cycle, as global fertilizer. Humans have approximately doubled the global rate of N fixation since pre-industrial time up to now. The global-warming potential (GWP) is a relative measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere. It compares the amount of heat trapped by a certain mass of the gas in question to the amount of heat trapped by a similar mass of carbon dioxide. The GWP of anthropogenic reactive Nitrogen oxide is 289 over 20 years. It is also considered that 1.6 kg of CO₂ needed per kg of NH₃ production.

The 3R recycled Nitrogen process is extracting Nitrogen from the food chain and re-use it again. The recycling of reactive N back to agriculture is reducing the requirement for new reactive N  and would also prevent the carbon-based greenhouse gas emissions associated with the manufacture of high energy intensive nitrogenous fertilizers from fossil fuels.